"Japonisme" is a French term that refers to the popularity and influence of Japanese art and design among a number of Western European artists in the nineteenth century following the forced reopening of trade of Japan in 1858.
After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, Japan ended a long period of national isolation and became open to imports from the West, including photography and printing techniques. With this new opening in trade, Japanese art and artifacts began to appear in small curiosity shops in Paris and London. In 1872, the term "Japonisme" was coined by French author and collector Phillippe Burty, “to designate a new field of artistic, historic and ethnographic borrowings from the arts of Japan.”
The greatest Japanese influences on European art came from ukiyo-e, or woodblock prints, like Hokusai’s.
In music we can relate "Japonerie" to visual elements, including costumes, sets and props which produce a Japanese effect through physical objects. "Japonerie" can also be seen in written elements of a work, such as the title, libretto and/or any descriptive text which may accompany the work.
Since Japonaiserie involved using artifacts to create a Japanese effect in an otherwise Western painting, musical Japonaiserie is perhaps the inclusion of generic exotic markers, such as pentatonicism, used to create an exotic sound in an otherwise Western composition.
Giacomo Puccini - Madama Butterfly : Intermezzo - 00:00
Camille Saint-Saëns - La Princesse Jaune : Overture - 08:22
Claude Debussy - Pagodes - 14:16
Pietro Mascagni - Iris : Hymn to the Sun - 20:22
Maurice Ravel - Laideronnette, impératrice des pagodes - 25:04
Arthur Sullivan - The Mikado : Overture - 28:47
Claude Debussy - Poissons d'or - 36:37
Gustav Holst - Japanese Suite - 40:04
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